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A species of small procellariid known locally as titi, probably the black-winged petrel (Pterodroma nigripennis), nested into the historic period in burrows in the volcanic soil of the uplands of Mangaia in the southern Cook Group. The demise of this titi as a breeding bird on Mangaia was probably caused by a combination of the detrimental effects of human harvesting and various introduced mammalian predators which were present on Mangaia after the arrival of missionaries in the early nineteenth century.