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In Canterbury, Caspian terns (
Hydroprogne caspia) nest
mainly as single pairs associated with colonies of Black-backed
gulls (
Larus dominicanus) on shingle riverbeds. Of 37 nests
studied, 28 (75%) hatched and 20 (54%) produced a total of
21 flying young, each pair raising an average of 0.6 young per
season. The low productivity is attributed to reduced prey
availability.